A child who has diabetes and develops signs of hypoglycemia should be given which of the following?

• A. A glass of orange juice
• B. A glass of water
• C. A glass of milk
• D. A piece of candy

Answer: (A)

Treating hypoglycemia in a child with diabetes relies on giving a fast-acting carbohydrate to raise blood glucose quickly. A glass of orange juice is ideal because it provides simple sugars that are absorbed rapidly, delivering about 15 grams of carbohydrate in a small amount of liquid. This quick rise helps restore normal glucose levels promptly and is easy to give to a child who may be shaky or irritable.

Water has no sugar, so it won’t help raise glucose. Milk has carbohydrates but also fat and protein that slow absorption, making the glucose rise more slowly. A piece of candy can also provide quick sugar, but juice is preferred for a fast, predictable effect and easier swallowing. If juice isn’t available, other fast-acting carbohydrates can be used.

After giving the carbohydrate, check blood glucose again in about 15 minutes and repeat if still low. Once normal, offer a small snack if the next meal isn’t due soon to prevent another drop. If the child can’t swallow or is unconscious, use glucagon as instructed and seek emergency help.